实现

JavaScript

/**
 * Check if the Character is letter or not
 * @param {String} str - character to check
 * @return {object} An array with the character or null if isn't a letter
 */
function isLetter (str) {
  return str.length === 1 && str.match(/[a-zA-Z]/i)
}

/**
 * Check if is Uppercase or Lowercase
 * @param {String} character - character to check
 * @return {Boolean} result of the checking
 */
function isUpperCase (character) {
  if (character === character.toUpperCase()) {
    return true
  }
  if (character === character.toLowerCase()) {
    return false
  }
}

/**
 * Encrypt a Vigenere cipher
 * @param {String} message - string to be encrypted
 * @param {String} key - key for encrypt
 * @return {String} result - encrypted string
 */
function encrypt (message, key) {
  let result = ''

  for (let i = 0, j = 0; i < message.length; i++) {
    const c = message.charAt(i)
    if (isLetter(c)) {
      if (isUpperCase(c)) {
        result += String.fromCharCode((c.charCodeAt(0) + key.toUpperCase().charCodeAt(j) - 2 * 65) % 26 + 65) // A: 65
      } else {
        result += String.fromCharCode((c.charCodeAt(0) + key.toLowerCase().charCodeAt(j) - 2 * 97) % 26 + 97) // a: 97
      }
    } else {
      result += c
    }
    j = ++j % key.length
  }
  return result
}

/**
 * Decrypt a Vigenere cipher
 * @param {String} message - string to be decrypted
 * @param {String} key - key for decrypt
 * @return {String} result - decrypted string
 */
function decrypt (message, key) {
  let result = ''

  for (let i = 0, j = 0; i < message.length; i++) {
    const c = message.charAt(i)
    if (isLetter(c)) {
      if (isUpperCase(c)) {
        result += String.fromCharCode(90 - (25 - (c.charCodeAt(0) - key.toUpperCase().charCodeAt(j))) % 26)
      } else {
        result += String.fromCharCode(122 - (25 - (c.charCodeAt(0) - key.toLowerCase().charCodeAt(j))) % 26)
      }
    } else {
      result += c
    }
    j = ++j % key.length
  }
  return result
}
// > encrypt('Hello World!', 'code')
// 'Jsopq Zstzg!'

// > decrypt('Jsopq Zstzg!', 'code')
// 'Hello World!'